![electronic monitoring: Home arrest, prisoner is monitored by electronic device on ankle and foot, vector illustration.](https://jjie.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/OPED-M-SUR-shutterstock_1089037619-140x140.jpg)
Electronic Monitoring Is Neither Effective Nor Humane
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In the 1960s, when electronic monitoring (EM) was developed by Robert and Kirk Gable at Harvard University, Robert Gable says they envisioned it as a way to monitor juvenile offenders and “to give rewards to [them] when they were where they were supposed to be …